Mesopotamians believed that gods had instructed them to build the Ziggurat as a replacement of the mountain at the center of the world, which humans could climb to approach gods. They called it the tower of Bavel/Babble, because according to them, God had punished the builders: “Baffled the language of all To Israelites, the Temple-Tower, the Ziggurat of Babylon seemed a reflection of the desire of self-aggrandizement. Jubal was ‘the ancestor of all who played the lyre and the pipes’ and Tubalcain ‘made all kinds of bronze and iron tools’. They invented the myth of Cain, who was the first murderer whose descendants invented civilization. The authors of the Bible took it as punishment for separation from God, much as Muslims attribute their decline not to giving up on modern education and not entering the industrial age, but to not performing religious rituals properly. New complexities of life arose, which made some people long for a simpler life (as some Muslim would like to revert to the practices of Salafin, the early generations after Muhammad’s time). Cities, though isolated, engaged in wars. ![]() The mud buildings required maintenance and reconstruction. They acquired more control over their environment and started caring about the future too. In Mesopotamia, now Iraq, signs of emerging human self-consciousness appeared with the invention of writing they had entered the historical age and could pass on their myth/religion to posterity. Many of the cities humans built from 4,000 B.C.E have since disappeared with nearly no trace. ![]() L ogos fueled the Axial Age in Greece and the ritual of nemesis. Nebuchadrezzer conquered Jerusalem, demolished the Yahweh temple and deported most of the Jews to Babylonia. ![]() Dao, the Chinese supreme deity was so alienated, it was better not to speak of him Jews were not allowed to utter the word ‘Yehweh’. Axial age was the beginning of organized religions-Confucian, Tao, Buddhism, Hinduism, Mid-Eastern Monotheism, Greek Rationalism, all dating back to Hebrew prophets. Human empowerment led to diminution of gods, Other gods emerged, Marduk, Chinese Pangu, Vedic gods, Adonis of Greece. Complexities of life arose, Myth of Cain, Ziggurat, Tower of Bavel. Humans started building cities four thousand years ago, in Mesopotamia, then in Egypt, China, India. Share on WhatsApp Share on Facebook Share on X (Twitter) Share on Telegram Share on Reddit Share on Email
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